Mangrove
Mangrove designs, engineers, and manufactures large-format 3D-printed concrete elements for architecture, landscape, and custom furniture using Selective Paste Intrusion (SPI) technology.
- CEO / Founder
- Greg Kerkstra
- Team Size
- 11-50
- Stage
- Active
- Latest Round
- Bootstrapped
Technology & Products
Key Products
Chair No. One (Red Dot: Best of the Best 2022 award); Strata Collection; Un Nido collection (with Common Object Studio); custom architectural concrete elements (seating, tables, lighting, landscape products); large-scale commercial exterior and site components.
Technological Advantage
SPI (Selective Paste Intrusion) — a powder-bed binder-jet process for concrete that injects cement paste into 2.8mm layers of aggregate, enabling geometries impossible with traditional formwork (including negative draft), with self-supporting unprinted aggregate during build. Backed by 60+ years of Kerkstra family precast expertise for engineered, code-compliant concrete elements.
Differentiation
Value Proposition
Combines three generations of precast concrete expertise with advanced additive manufacturing (SPI) to produce freeform concrete elements with 2.8mm layer resolution, eliminating the cost and complexity of traditional formwork for complex geometries.
How They Differentiate
Unlike extrusion-based concrete 3D printing (used by ICON, COBOD, etc.), Mangrove uses SPI binder-jet technology which achieves 2.8mm layer resolution — significantly finer than typical concrete extrusion. The process is purpose-built for architectural precast elements rather than whole buildings, targeting the high-end architectural/design market with furniture-grade surface finish and geometric freedom.
Market & Competition
Target Customers
Architects, landscape architects, designers, precast concrete contractors, and commercial developers seeking custom concrete elements with complex geometries that are uneconomical with traditional formwork.
Industry Verticals
Architecture & Construction; Landscape Architecture; Interior Design; Custom Furniture; Commercial Precast
Competitors
ICON (US, construction-scale 3D printing); COBOD International (Denmark, construction 3D printing); Vertico (Netherlands, concrete 3D printing)
Growth & Milestones
Major Milestones
2022: Chair No. One (fabricated via SPI) wins Red Dot: Best of the Best award; 2024: Mangrove 3D LLC officially filed (August 30, 2024); 2025: First SPI production facility in North America operational in Caledonia, MI; 2026: Un Nido collection debut at Fulton Market Design Days (Chicago); featured in BFT International and CPi Magazine; 3DPOD 304 podcast feature.